Serial Protocol Description
GPSBabel development:Garmin serial/USB protocol (garmin)
Peripheral Component Interface Express Bus
PCI Express Bus
Description
PCI Express
Standards PCI Express Interface
ICs
Connector PCI Express Cards
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PCI Express Bus
Description
A description of the new Serial PCI Bus PCI Express.
The PCI Express PCIe bus defines the Electrical, topology and
protocol for the physical layer of a point to point serial interface over
copper wire or optical fiber. In addition to
the Physical Layer, the PCI Express specification also covers the
Transaction Layer and Data Link Layer. The Physical Layer resides with
Layer 1, and the Data Link Layer resides with Layer 2 of the OSI protocol model.
PCI Express is the new serial bus addition to the PCI
series of specifications. How ever the electrical and mechanical
interface for PCI Express is not compatible with the PCI bus interface.
This is a serial bus which uses two low-voltage differential LVDS pairs, at
2.5Gb/s in each direction one transmit, and one receive pair. A PCI
Express link is comprised of these two unidirectional differential pairs
each operating at 2.5Gbps to achieve a basic over all throughput of 5Gbps
before accounting for over-head. PCI Express uses 8B/10B encoding each 8 bit byte
is translated into a 10 bit character in order to equalize the numbers of
1 s and 0 s sent, and the encoded signal contains an embedded clock. PCI
Express supports 1x 2.5Gbps, 2x, 4x, 8x, 12x, 16x, and 32x bus widths
transmit / receive pairs ; 2.5Gigabits/second per Lane per Direction.
The 8B/10B changes the data transfer numbers to 250MBps per lane, raw
data B Bytes, b Bits. The reduction in throughput is accounted for
under the protocol section.
Revision 2.0 increases the speed to 5GT/s 4 GB/s. LVDS stands for: Low Voltage Differential Signaling.
Revision 3.0 Gen 3 due out in 2010 increases the speed to 8GT/s and changes the encoding to 128b/130b to reduce the over head. The new bandwidth will increase from 4Gb/s Gen 2 to 7.99Gb/s both from over head reduction and bit time reductions. Note; Giga-Transfers per Second GT/s
LVDS Single Link Interface Circuit
The basic LVDS interface is a single differential link in either one or
both directions. Each link requires a termination resistor at the far
receiver end. The nominal resistor values used is 100 ohms, but would
depend on the cable or PWB trace impedance used. LVDS is a scalable bus;
one uni-directional link or multiple links may be used. The LVDS graphic
above indicates a 1-meter length, but the PCIe specification only allows a
20 inch trace. Refer to the LVDS page for
additional information. The new PCIe version 2.0 supports cables up to 10 meters in length running at 2.5 Gb/s.
PCI Express Status
The PCI Express bus started showing up on Mother Boards in 2004 as an addition
using a new connector to the PCI interface, and
will coexist and out-pace parallel PCI at the rate PCI took over from the
ISA bus. One common
PCIe implementation seems to have two 1x PCI Express slots for expansion
boards and one 16x PCIe slot used to replace the AGP slot, then some number
of standard parallel classic PCI slots 3 to 4 connectors. Because of
the large number of PCI boards fielded it may be some time before the PCI
expansion slots disappear from mother-boards, but may disappear faster
because the PCIe 1x connector is so much smaller then the PCI connector.
The 1x PCIe slots will support a bandwidth of 5Gbps, and the 16x PCIe slot
will support 80Gbps. Throughput is discussed below.
I see some Mother Board
manufacturers using the term PCI-E to represent PCI Express card slots,
this is an incorrect usage PCIe. PCI Express is not compatible with the
standard PCI bus. The PCI Express connectors, signal
voltage levels, and signal format are different then with PCI. The physical
size of PCI Express cards have the same dimensions as standard PCI cards.
The main physical difference between the two bus formats lay with the
connectors. PCI Express comes as either standard or low-profile form
factors.
Additional Notes: Some software written for the PCI bus may be
compatible with the PCIe bus. PCI Express was originally developed
at Intel by the Arapahoe working group. Later called 3GIO,
third-generation input/output. Now that the spec has been transferred to
the PCI Special Interest Group PCI-SIG it was renamed PCI Express.
PCI Express Pinout
The pinout for expansion slots found on Personal Computers is listed
below. Two types of PCIe connectors are common on PCs; the 1x connector
which is used for a normal board expansion slot and the 16x connector which
is used as a video card expansion slot. The 4x and 8x style connectors have
not yet been seen residing on any mother-board.
PCI-Express 1x Connector Pinout and 1x signal
names.
PCI-Express 4x Connector Pinout and 4x signal
PCI-Express 8x Connector Pinout and 8x signal
PCI-Express 16x Connector Pinout and 16x signal
The signaling width data path width also uses the term by ; 1x is called
by one, 16x is called by sixteen you may also see 16x as x16, means
the same thing.
Connectors
manufacturers which produce PCIe connectors are listed near the end of this
page. Connectors for the 1x PCIe slot and the 16x PCIe slot are different
sizes because they support a different number of bit lanes. The connector
sizes for 4x and 8x PCI Express are also different, for the same reason.
The PCIe 1x connector has 36 signal pins, the 4x connector has 64 signal
pins, the 8x connector has 98 signal pins, and the 16x connector has 164
signal pins. A PCI express card is upward compatible,
so a 1x card will fit in any card slot, a 4x card will fit into an 8 or 16x
port and so on. An adaptor card using 16x lanes will only fit in a x16 size
connector. The pinout tables for each connector type is listed in the
previous paragraph. Manufacturers that produce PCI-Express Boards are
listed on the PCI Express Card Manufacturers
page.
A drawing showing the long and shot form factors for the PCI Express card is listed on the
PCIe Board Dimensions
PCI Express Protocol
The frame format for PCIe is shown in the graphic below. The frame is
made up of a 1-byte Start-of-Frame, 2-byte Sequence Number, 16 or 20-byte
Header, 0 to 4096-byte Data field, 0 to 4-byte ECRC field, 4-byte LCRC, and
1-byte End-of Frame. The smaller the number of bits transferred in the data
field the greater the over-head becomes. A zero byte data field results in
a 100 percent over-head, because no data was transferred.
PCI Express Data Frame
The best case through-put is achieved when the data field is max-ed out
with 4096 bytes of data. Using those conditions a total of 4124 bytes will
be transferred representing 4096 bytes of data.
Note: End-to-end Cyclic Redundancy Check ECRC is 32-bits,
Local Cyclic Redundancy Check LCRC is 32-bits
PCI Express Throughput
The Throughput Rates for the PCIe interface is for one direction only.
PCI Express is a serial bus which embeds its clock unlike the other bus
standards listed here. The throughput of a PCI Express interface is reduced
by 20 percent due to the 8B/10B data encoding. The table accounts for the
8-bit/10-bit encoding loss: at a 2.5Gbps clock speed, the 1x transfer rate
of should be 312.5MBps with 8 bits per clock without 8B/10B, but at 10
bits per clock the transfer rate becomes 250MBps with 8B/10B.
Actual Throughput Rates
Bus Spec
Transfer Rate
Throughput Rate
PCI; 33MHz, 32-bit
133MBps
-
PCI-Express x1
250MBps
AGP 2x
533MBps
PCI-Express x4
1,000MBps
AGP 4x
1,066MBps
AGP 8x
2,133MBps
PCI-Express x16
4,000MBps
Refer to this page for a comparison of Video bus through-put for
different expansion buses.
PCI Express Design Data
PCI Express is optimized for a 4 layer FR4 Dielectric,
supporting up to 20 inch distances between devices. The actual distance
between IC s depend on the number of via s. The differential trace
impedance is defined as 100 ohms 15. Each trace pair should
have a matched trace length of 5 mils. How ever pair-to-pair
trace length matching is not required. Each signal pair is capacitive
coupled at the receiver. Do not stager the capacitors for each signal
pair, they should reside next to each other. Jitter in the PCI Express Interface: PCI Express
specifies a maximum output jitter of 120ps for the Serializer and a
minimum input jitter tolerance of 240ps for the De-serializer. The UI
Unit Interval is the bit time 400ps, Phase Jitter most important. The
UI of 400ps is 1/ 2.5Gbps. The Bit Error Rate BER is defined as
1x10-12.
Addition Power Connector
PinSignal18 AWG Wire Color
1 12V4Yellow / Green Strip
2 12V4Yellow / Green Strip
3 12V4Yellow / Green Strip
4COMBlack
5COMBlack
6COMBlack
Also see the COTS Card page for manufacturers of
PCIe cards, or the Mother Board page for
manufacturers of Mother Boards with PCIe slots.
Other pages of interest
include: the PCI Bus page, or the cPCI Bus Interface page.
PCI Express Bus Index
PCI Express Bus Standards /
Specifications
Specification:
PCI Express 1.0 The personal computer bus specification
PCI Express 2.0 Jan 2007
PCI Express 3.0 Nov 2010
Compact PCIxpress PCI Express PCIe on a 3U x 160mm form
factor in a Compact PCI cPCI environment.
Industrial PCI Express IPCI-E, PICMG 1.3 adds PCI Express
to the PCI-ISA Passive Backplane Specification.
PCMCIA ExpressCard ExpressCard is the new form factor for
PCMCIA Circuit Cards and will utilize either USB and PCI Express
buses.
Mini PCI Express MiniPCI Express is designed for
Notebook/Laptop computers to replace the Mini-PCI card design, Mini PCI
Express is 51mm x 30mm.
PCISIG; Peripheral Component
Interconnect - Special Interest Group www.pcisig.com.
Additional information for interface standards which use PCIe as the
electrical interface are provided below:
ExpressCard:, PCMCIA
format with PCIe interface in a different Form Factor
Mini PCI Express Bus:
PCI over a differential serial link in a small form factor for
Laptops.
The PCI Express physical layer discussed on this page is not compatible
with the PCI bus, but for completeness the different types of PCI form
factors is provided in the list below.
PCI Bus Form Factors
Refer to the PCI page for complete Parallel
PCI information, additional PCI specifications are listed below Note
these specs are not mechanically or electrically compatible to the PCI
Express specification, but the software may still operate. The term Form
Factor relates to the card size and shape and not the electrical
interface, So the electrical specification for the PCI interface may
exist in any number of mechanical standards, as described below. This
page deals with electrical aspects of PCIe, and the mechanical aspects of
PCIe as found in a personal computer, other form factors are possible and
is provided on other pages.
PCI in different form factors;
PCI: The original specification
Peripheral Component Interface, Rev 2.1
Mini PCI: PCI in a small form factor
for Laptops, 59.75 mm x 50.95 mm x 5mm. 32 bit data bus running at
3.3v
PCI-X: The latest version 64
bits at: PCI-X 66, PCI-X 133, PCI-X 266 and PCI-X 533 4.3GBps
cPCI, Compact PCI: PCI in
a VME form factor, 3U/6U using 2mm connectors
PC104-Plus: PCI add-on to
the PC104 spec, ISA in a square form factor
PISA: PCI add-on with PCAT in the ISA AT form
factor
P2CI: PCI on the VME64 P2 connector
PMC: PCI on a Mezzanine
Card, PMC
PXI cPCI for
Instrumentation
IPCI: Industrial PCI Another version of cPCI
Serial PCI: PCI on a serial link
Card Bus: 32 bit
PCI on the PC Card PCMCIA Format
PCI Express Bus Interface IC
Vendors
Like other PC buses, there are no glue logic devices just ASICs and chip
sets in PCI Express; Similar to PCI. Refer to the LVDS page for
additional information on the LVDS electrical interface. This page
provides a comparison of Interface Switching
levels for different types of electrical standards.
The clocking scheme used in PCIe is called HCSL for High Speed Current Steering Logic.
HCSL Clock Oscillator Manufacturers
Broadcom Corporation
HyperTransport System I/O Controller, 17 PCI-E links with support for up
to four controllers
Eureka Technology, Inc.
PCI-Express Bus IC Controller
Faraday Technology
Corporation. IP: PCI-Express PHY and controller
Genesys Logic, Inc PCI
Express PHY Interface PPI PHY IP Core
IDT PCI Express Switches; 12-lane/24-lane, 3-port PCIe switch
LSI Corporation PCI Express IC
interface cores
MosChip Semiconductor
Single lane PCI Express PCI-e based Peripheral Controller
nxp
2.5-Gbps PCI Express PHY transceiver with an 8-bit data PXPIPE
interface
PLX Technology, Inc PCI Express
Bridges / Switches, PCIe-to-USB 2.0 host controller bridge
PMC-Sierra PCI Express
Backplane SERDES Devices
Texas Instruments PCI Express Bridge Chip to PCI, PCIe Bridge to 1394a
Xilinx PCI Express intellectual
property IP FPGA core
PCI Express PCIe uses a pair of LVDS drivers and receivers, and is not
compatible with the legacy PCI bus which does not use differential
transceivers
PCIe Bridge; PCI Express bridge chip is designed for migration from the legacy PCI bus to the PCI Express interface.
PCIe Switch; A component that receives two or more PCI Express Bi-directional lanes and switches one of them to a single PCI Express Bi-directional lane.
PCI Express Connector
Manufacturers
PCIe uses 4 different sizes of connector, all of which are card-edge type
to accept a PCI Express card using card-edge fingers spaced on a 1.00mm
pitch 0.394 inches. The 1x size is the smallest with 36 contact
positions. The x4 uses 64 contacts, the x8 uses 98 contacts, and the x16
has 164 contact positions. The nominal height of the connector above the
PWB is 11mm. The width of the 1x and 16x connector is 8.70mm as shown
below, how ever the 1x graphic is shown slightly larger.
Mechanical Drawing for PCI Express Connector
AVX 1x, 4x, 8x, 16x PCI Express
Card Edge Connector, 36 Way, 64 Way, 96 Way, 164 Way Connectors, 164-pin
w/Latch
FCI 1x, 4x, 8x, 16x PCI
Express Straddle-Mount Card Edge Connector, Vertical-mount PCIe
connector
Meritec Right Angle X1, X4, X8 and X16 PCI Express
Connectors PCIe
Samtec Inc. PCI Express Socket; 36,
64, 98 and 164 Positions, Through Hole and Edge Mount. RoHs Compliant
Tyco Electronics PCI
Express Connectors for x1, x4, x8, and x16 lanes
This FAQ will reside during the transition from PCI to PCIe, and then removed
Common Questions from up-scale PC builders and gamers:
1 Can I use a PCI card in a PCI Express card slot; No the
electrical and physical interfaces are completely different The card
does not fit.
2 Can I use a PCI Express card in a PCI card slot; No electrical
and physical interfaces are completely different.
3 Can I make a dongle to convert PCI card in a PCI Express card
slot; No not with out a major design effort.
4 Is the PCI Express card slot faster than a PCI card slot; Yes,
much faster, see the discussion above.
5 I m an over-clocker, do I need a Parallel PCI slot, No it s
older technology operating at a reduced speed.
6 Can I convert a PCI card into a PCI Express card slot; No, Not
really, with out a major engineering effort.
7a Why would I want a Parallel PCI bus slot; to use older PCI
cards currently being produced in the market place.
7b Why would I want a Parallel PCI bus slot; To allow legacy cards
to function in a newer backplane, saving the cost of re-purchasing the
board.
8 Can I use two PCI Express Video cards in one motherboard; Sure
if the system supports it.
9 What mother board supports two x16 PCIe slots; only seen in Work
Stations and newer motherboards.
10 What is the speed increase of PCIe over PCI; The raw speed of
the PCI bus is 133MBps, while PCIe is 250MBps for the x1 rate.
11 What is the speed increase of PCIe over AGP; The raw speed of
the AGP bus is 2.1GBps, while PCIe is 4GBps for the x16 rate.
12 Can I use my AGP card in the new PCIe mother board I just
purchased; no.
13 Will a PCIe expansion slot accept any PCIe card; no, make sure
your power supply will handle the increased load.
Modified 2/29/12
1998 - 2015 All rights reserved Larry Davis.
This format can
read and write waypoints
read and write tracks
read and write routes
This format has the following options: snlen, snwhite, deficon, get_posn, power_off, erase_t, resettime, category, bitscategory, baud.
GPSBabel supports a wide variety of Garmin hardware via serial
on most operating systems and USB on Windows, Linux, and OS X.
For serial models, be sure the GPS is set for Garmin
mode in setup and that nothing else PDA hotsync programs, gpsd,
getty, pppd, etc. is using the serial port.
Supported Garmin GPS receivers with USB include
AstroForerunner 205GPSMAP 60CSxStreetPilot 2650Edge 205Forerunner 301GPSMAP 60CxStreetPilot 2720Edge 305Forerunner 305GPSMAP 76CStreetPilot 2730eTrex Legend CForetrex 201GPSMAP 76CSStreetPilot 2820eTrex Legend CxForetrex 301GPSMAP 76CSXStreetPilot 7200eTrex Legend HGPS 18GPSMAP 76CxStreetPilot 7500eTrex Legend HCxGPSMAP 195GPSMAP 96StreetPilot c310eTrex Summit CxGPSMAP 276CGPSMAP 96CStreetPilot c320eTrex Summit HCGPSMAP 295QuestStreetPilot c330eTrex Venture CGPSMAP 296CQuest IIStreetPilot c340eTrex Venture CxGPSMAP 378Rhino 520StreetPilot i2eTrex Venture HCGPSMAP 396Rhino 530StreetPilot i3eTrex Vista CGPSMAP 478Rhino 520 HCxStreetPilot i5eTrex Vista CxGPSMAP 496Rhino 530 HCx eTrex Vista HGPSMAP 60CStreetPilot 2610 eTrex Vista HCxGPSMAP 60CSStreetPilot 2620
the following Bluetooth Garmin products:
and most serial Garmin GPS receivers including:
eMapeTrex HGPS 12 Rhino 110eTrex CamoForerunner 201GPS 12XL Rhino 120eTrex LegendForetrex 201GPS III Rhino 130eTrex SummitGeko 201GPS III StreetPilot IIIeTrex VentureGeko 301GPS II StreetPilot III eTrex VistaGPS 12CX GPS II eTrex Basic Yellow GPS 12Map GPS V
The following Garmin GPS receivers are supported, but they do not
support Garmin communication protocol and don t work with the
garmin option. To use these receivers, read or write
GPX files from the mass storage device as mounted on your computer.
eTrex 10Nuvi 255Nuvi 770Nuvi 1690TeTrex 20Nuvi 250WNuvi 775TNuvi 3750eTrex 30Nuvi 255WNuvi 780Nuvi 3760TColorado 300Nuvi 260Nuvi 785TNuvi 3790TColorado 400cNuvi 265TNuvi 880Oregon 200Colorado 400iNuvi 265WTNuvi 885TOregon 300Colorado 400tNuvi 260WNuvi 1200Oregon 400cDakota 10Nuvi 270Nuvi 1250Oregon 400iDakota 20Nuvi 275TNuvi 1260TOregon 400tGPSMap 62Nuvi 300Nuvi 1300Oregon 450GPSMap 62scNuvi 310Nuvi 1350Oregon 450tGPSMap 62stcNuvi 350Nuvi 1370TOregon 550GPSMap 78Nuvi 370Nuvi 1390TOregon 550tGPSMap 78sNuvi 465TNuvi 1350StreetPilot c510GPSMap 78scNuvi 500Nuvi 1490TStreetPilot c530Montana 600Nuvi 550Nuvi 2250StreetPilot c550Montana 650Nuvi 600Nuvi 2250LTStreetPilot c580Montana 650tNuvi 650Nuvi 2350Road Tech ZumoNuvi 30Nuvi 650FMNuvi 2350LTZumo 220Nuvi 40Nuvi 660Nuvi 2360LTZumo 450Nuvi 50Nuvi 670Nuvi 2405Zumo 500Nuvi 200Nuvi 680Nuvi 2450Zumo 550Nuvi 205Nuvi 750Nuvi 2450LMZumo 660Nuvi 200WNuvi 755TNuvi 2450LTZumo 665Nuvi 205WNuvi 760Nuvi 2450LMTSurely any Garmin product that Garmin actually sensibly designed after 2006 or so.Nuvi 250Nuvi 765TNuvi 2505
None of the GPSBabel developers has access to every model on that
list, but we ve received reports of success and/or have reasonable
expectations that the above models work. If you succeed with
a model that is not on that list, please send a message to the
gpsbabel-misc mailing list with the details so that we may add it.
Not every feature on every model is supported. For example,
while we do extract data such as heart rate and temperature from
tracks on the sporting models like Edge and Forerunner, GPSBabel
is not a fitness program at its core and does not support features
like workouts or calorie/fitness zone data. Furthermore, sporting
models don t support track upload. When trying to upload tracks to
these devices, GPSBabel converts them to courses on the fly and
uploads these instead. When uploading waypoints at the same
time, these are converted to course points by mapping them to the
nearest track point on the track/course no matter how far away from
the track they are. Since course point creation requires time
stamps for the track points, they are created automatically assuming
a speed of 10 km/h for tracks that lack them.
To communicate with a Garmin GPS serially, use the name of that
serial port such as COM1 or /dev/cu.serial.
To communicate via USB use usb: as the filename on all OSes.
Thus, to read the waypoints from a Garmin USB receiver and write
them to a GPX file:
gpsbabel -i garmin -f usb: -o gpx -F blah.gpx
If you have multiple units attached via USB, you may provide
a unit number, with zero being the implied default. So if you
have three USB models on your system, they can be addressed as
usb:0, usb:1, and usb:2. To get a list of recognized devices,
specify a negative number such as:
gpsbabel -i garmin -f usb:-1
When reporting problems with the Garmin format, be sure to include
the full unit model, firmware version, and be prepared to offer
debugging dumps by adding -D9 to the command line, like:
gpsbabel -D9 -i garmin -f usb: -o gpx -F blah.gpx
Custom icons are supported on units that support that.
Neither GPSBabel nor your firmware know what is associated with any
given slot number. They don t know that the picture you placed in the
first slot is a happy face, they only know they re in the lowest
numbered slot. GPSBabel names the them consistently with Mapsource,
so they are named Custom 0 through Custom 511.
For models where the connection on the GPS is a serial interface,
be sure the GPS is set for Garmin
getty, pppd, etc. is using the serial port.
For models connected via USB, we recommend use of the usb:
filename. For this to work on Windows, you must install
the Garmin driver. For Linux, this will fail if you have the garmin_gps
kernel module loaded.
See the Operating System Notes for details.
This module also supports realtime tracking
which allows realtime position reports from a Garmin GPS receiver over USB
or serial.
Important
The following Garmin units do not follow the standard Garmin
communications protocol and are not supported
by GPSBabel.
Marine plotters:
GPSMap 420GPSMap 450GPSMap 530GPSMap 545GPSMap 430GPSMap 520GPSMap 535GPSMap 550GPSMap 440GPSMap 525GPSMap 540GPSMap 555
The PDA products
iQue 3000iQue 3200iQue 3600iQue M3iQue M4iQue M5
Length of generated shortnames.
This option overrides the internal logic to figure out how many
characters an addressed Garmin GPS will support when using the -s smartname
option. This should be necessary only if you have a receiver type that
GPSBabel doesn t know about or if you want to dumb down one unit to match
another, such as wanting waypoint names in a StreetPilot 2720 which supports
20 character names to exactly match those in a 60CS which supports 10.
Allow whitespace synth. shortnames.
This options controls whether spaces are allowed in generated
smart names when using the -s option.
Default icon name.
This option specifies the icon or waypoint type to write for each waypoint on
output.
If this option is specified, its value will be used for all waypoints, not
just those that do not already have descriptions. That is, this option
overrides any icon description that might be in the input file.
Value specified may be a number from the Garmin Protocol Spec or a name
as described in the Appendix B, Garmin Icons.
This option has no effect on input.
Return current position as a waypoint.
This options gets the current longitude and latitude from the attached GPS device
and returns it as a single waypoint for further processing. For example,
to return the current position from a USB Garmin to a KML file:
gpsbabel -i garmin,get_posn -f usb: -o kml -F myposition.kml
Command unit to power itself down.
This command forces an immediate powerdown of the addressed Garmin
receiver. It is ignored on hardware that does not support this command.
Obviously, further processing once you have sent a power off command to
a unit that supports it is rather futile, so place this option carefully
in your command.
gpsbabel -o garmin,power_off -F /dev/ttyS0
Erase existing courses when writing new ones.
By default, GPSBabel makes effort in order to keep courses already present on
the device, if any. This option allow to replace courses already present. If
you don t mind to keep old courses, this option is recommended because it
allows a faster transfer.
This option applies only to Garmin devices that support courses such as the Edge 305 or the Forerunner 305.
Sync GPS time to computer time.
This option is experimental and was added to solve a very specific problem.
Certain Garmin units the original black and white Vista is known to have
this will sometimes scramble their clock crazy far into the future like
2066. When this happens, the GPS itself may or may not work and
later conversations with GPSBabel may fail as the time overflows the
documented range. The use of resettime brings the GPS s internal clock
back close enough to reality that the GPS itself can then fix it when
it has next a lock.
Category number to use for written waypoints.
This numeric option will force waypoints to be written with that
category number when sending to a Garmin receiver that has category
support. It is ignored on receivers without that capability.
Bitmap of categories.
This option is closely related to the category option. While category
allows you to choose a single category that waypoints should appear in,
this options allows you to specify a bitmask to be used for the category.
Options may be specified in either decimal or hex.
Example 3.11. Example for garmin bitcategory option to put all waypoints in categories 1 and 16.
The following two commands are equivalent. They place a the point in both the first and last of the sixteen available categories.
gpsbabel -i gpx -f PocketQuery.gpx -o garmin,bitcategory 32769 -F usb:
gpsbabel -i gpx -f PocketQuery.gpx -o garmin,bitcategory 0x8001 -F usb:
Speed in bits per second of serial port baud 9600.
Sets baud rate on some Garmin serial unit to the specified baud rate. Garmin protocol uses 9600 bps by default, but there is a rarely documented feature in Garmin binary protocol for switching baud rate. Highest option is 115200.
Download track log and waypoints 12 times faster than default:
gpsbabel -t -w -i garmin,baud 115200 -f /dev/ttyUSB0 -o gpx -F garmin-serial.gpx
At the end of the transfer, baud rate is switched to back to the default
of 9600. If connection breaks, the unit stucks at high baud rate, a power
cycle reverts to original state.
This option does not affect USB transfer.
Because this feature uses undocumented Garmin protocols, it may or may
not work on your device. The author reported success with
eTrex Vista, GPSMAP 76s, and GPS V, but it seems likely to be problematic
on older units and may be more problematic for writing to the device than
reading data from the device.
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